Opacity Database (Gas-Phase)
================
Molecular, atomic, and aerosol opacities are a required input to any radiative
transfer code. This page summarises the gas-phase opacities included in POSEIDON.
Line-by-line Cross Sections
___________________________
POSEIDON v1.2 includes a comprehensive update to the opacity database to reflect
recent theoretical and experimental advances:
* New line lists.
* Updated :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}` broadening.
* Improved line position accuracy for high-resolution analyses (i.e. ExoMol's MARVEL procedure).
* UV-Visible wavelength coverage (down to :math:`0.2 \, \mathrm{\mu m}`, where available).
Note: POSEIDON v1.4 uses the same opacity database as v1.2.
The current line-by-line opacity sources included in POSEIDON are summarised below:
.. list-table::
:widths: 20 20 20 20 20 20
:header-rows: 1
* - Species
- Line List
(Version)
- Reference
- Broadening
- Updates vs.
POSEIDON 1.0
- Plot
(Click)
* - :math:`\mathrm{\textbf{Common}}`
:math:`\mathrm{\textbf{Species}}`
-
-
-
-
-
* - :math:`\mathrm{H_2O}`
- `POKAZATEL `_
(2023-06-21)
- `Polyansky et al. `_
`(2018) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- MARVELised
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/H2O.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{CO_2}`
- `UCL-4000 `_
(2020-06-30)
- `Yurchenko et al. `_
`(2020) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- New Line List
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/CO2.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{CH_4}`
- `MM `_
(2024-01-13)
- `Yurchenko et al. `_
`(2024) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- New Line List
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/CH4.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{CO}`
- `Li2015 `_
(2017-01-31)
- `Li et al. `_
`(2015) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- 6 Isotopes*
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/CO.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{Na}`
- `VALD3 `_
- `Ryabchikova et al. `_
`(2015) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- Air Wave. to
Vacuum
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/Na.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{K}`
- `VALD3 `_
- `Ryabchikova et al. `_
`(2015) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- Air Wave. to
Vacuum
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/K.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{NH_3}`
- `CoYuTe `_
(2020-07-30)
- `Coles et al. `_
`(2019) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- MARVELised
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/NH3.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{HCN}`
- `Harris `_
(2016-12-05)
- `Barber et al. `_
`(2014) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- No Change
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/HCN.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{SO_2}`
- `ExoAmes `_
(2017-01-31)
- `Underwood et al. `_
`(2016) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- MARVELised
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/SO2.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{H_2 S}`
- `AYT2 `_
(2022-09-18)
- `Azzam et al. `_
`(2016) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- Air Broad to
:math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/H2S.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{PH_3}`
- `SAlTY `_
(2017-01-31)
- `Sousa-Silva et al. `_
`(2014) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- No Change
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/PH3.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{C_2 H_2}`
- `aCeTY `_
(2022-09-18)
- `Chubb et al. `_
`(2020) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- New Line List
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/C2H2.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{\textbf{Metal}}`
:math:`\mathrm{\textbf{Oxides}}`
-
-
-
-
-
* - :math:`\mathrm{TiO}`
- `Toto `_
(2024-05-09)
- `McKemmish et al. `_
`(2019) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- MARVELised
SB'07 Broad to
:math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/TiO.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{VO}`
- `VOMYT `_
(2016-07-26)
- `McKemmish et al. `_
`(2016) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- SB'07 Broad to
:math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/VO.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{AlO}`
- `ATP `_
(2021-06-22)
- `Patrascu et al. `_
`(2015) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- MARVELised
SB'07 Broad to
:math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/AlO.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{SiO}`
- `SiOUVenIR `_
(2021-11-05)
- `Yurchenko et al. `_
`(2022) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- New Line List
SB'07 Broad to
:math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/SiO.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{CaO}`
- `VBATHY `_
(2023-02-20)
- `Yurchenko et al. `_
`(2016) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- SB'07 Broad to
:math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/CaO.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{MgO}`
- `LiTY `_
(2019-04-01)
- `Li et al. `_
`(2019) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- **Added Species**
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/MgO.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{NaO}`
- `NaOUCMe `_
(2021-11-17)
- `Mitev et al. `_
`(2022) `_
- `SB'07 `_
- **Added Species**
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/NaO.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{LaO}`
- `BDL `_
(2023-09-23)
- `Bernath et al. `_
`(2023) `_
- `SB'07 `_
- **Added Species**
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/LaO.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{ZrO}`
- `ZorrO `_
(2023-07-13)
- `Perri et al. `_
`(2023) `_
- `SB'07 `_
- **Added Species**
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/ZrO.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{SO}`
- `SOLIS `_
(2023-09-14)
- `Brady et al. `_
`(2024) `_
- Fixed
:math:`\gamma_L = 0.07`
:math:`n_L = 0.5`
- **Added Species**
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/SO.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{NO}`
- `XABC `_
(2021-04-22)
- `Qu et al. `_
`(2021) `_
- Air
- New Line List
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/NO.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{PO}`
- `POPS `_
(2017-09-10)
- `Qu et al. `_
`(2017) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- SB'07 Broad to
:math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/PO.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{\textbf{Metal}}`
:math:`\mathrm{\textbf{Hydrides}}`
-
-
-
-
-
* - :math:`\mathrm{TiH}`
- `MoLLIST `_
(2016-07-26)
- `Bernath `_
`(2020) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- New Line List
SB'07 Broad to
:math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/TiH.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{CrH}`
- `MoLLIST `_
(2016-07-26)
- `Bernath `_
`(2020) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- New Line List
SB'07 Broad to
:math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/CrH.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{FeH}`
- `MoLLIST `_
(2016-07-26)
- `Bernath `_
`(2020) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- New Line List
SB'07 Broad to
:math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/FeH.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{ScH}`
- `MoLLIST `_
(2016-07-26)
- `Lodi et al. `_
`(2015) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- SB'07 Broad to
:math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/ScH.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{AlH}`
- `AloHa `_
(2024-03-07)
- `Yurchenko et al. `_
`(2023) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- New Line List
SB'07 Broad to
:math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/AlH.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{SiH}`
- `SiGHTLY `_
(2017-11-01)
- `Yurchenko et al. `_
`(2018) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- SB'07 Broad to
:math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/SiH.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{BeH}`
- `Darby-Lewis `_
(2018-02-12)
- `Darby-Lewis et al. `_
`(2018) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- SB'07 Broad to
:math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/BeH.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{CaH}`
- `XAB `_
(2022-02-11)
- `Owens et al. `_
`(2022) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- New Line List
SB'07 Broad to
:math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/CaH.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{MgH}`
- `XAB `_
(2022-02-11)
- `Owens et al. `_
`(2022) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- New Line List
SB'07 Broad to
:math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/MgH.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{LiH}`
- `CLT `_
(2016-09-27)
- `Coppola et al. `_
`(2011) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- SB'07 Broad to
:math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/LiH.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{NaH}`
- `Rivlin `_
(2016-09-27)
- `Rivlin et al. `_
`(2015) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- SB'07 Broad to
:math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/NaH.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{OH}`
- `MoLLIST `_
(2018-07-19)
- `Bernath `_
`(2020) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- New Line List
Air Broad to
:math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/OH.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{OH^{+}}`
- `MoLLIST `_
(2022-07-13)
- `Bernath `_
`(2020) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- **Added Species**
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/OH+.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{CH}`
- `MoLLIST `_
(2019-02-14)
- `Bernath `_
`(2020) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- New Line List
SB'07 Broad to
:math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/CH.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{NH}`
- `kNigHt `_
(2024-03-01)
- `Perri et al. `_
`(2024) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- New Line List
SB'07 Broad to
:math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/NH.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{SH}`
- `GYT `_
(2019-08-01)
- `Gorman et al. `_
`(2019) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- New Line List
Air Broad to
:math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/SH.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{\textbf{Misc.}}`
-
-
-
-
-
* - :math:`\mathrm{OCS}`
- `OYT8 `_
(2024-04-25)
- `Owens et al. `_
`(2024) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- **Added Species**
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/OCS.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{PN}`
- `PaiN `_
(2024-05-05)
- `Semenov et al.`
`(2024)`
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- New Line List
SB'07 Broad to
:math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/PN.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{PS}`
- `POPS `_
(2017-09-10)
- `Prajapat et al. `_
`(2017) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- SB'07 Broad to
:math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/PS.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{CS}`
- `JnK `_
(2016-07-26)
- `Paulose et al. `_
`(2015) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- **Added Species**
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/CS.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{C_2}`
- `8states `_
(2020-06-28)
- `Yurchenko et al. `_
`(2018) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- **Added Species**
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/C2.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{CH_3}`
- `AYYJ `_
(2019-05-01)
- `Adam et al. `_
`(2019) `_
- Fixed
:math:`\gamma_L = 0.05`
:math:`n_L = 0.5`
- **Added Species**
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/CH3.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{H_{3}^{+}}`
- `MiZATeP `_
(2017-03-30)
- `Mizus et al. `_
`(2017) `_
- Fixed
:math:`\gamma_L = 0.07`
:math:`n_L = 0.5`
- No Change
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/H3+.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{N_2 O}`
- `HITEMP-2020 `_
- `Hargreaves et al. `_
`(2019) `_
- Air
- New Line List
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/N2O.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{NO_2}`
- `HITEMP-2020 `_
- `Hargreaves et al. `_
`(2019) `_
- Air
- New Line List
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/NO2.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{\textbf{HITRAN}}`
:math:`\mathrm{\textbf{Line-by-line}}`
:math:`\mathrm{\textbf{(Low-T)}}`
-
-
-
-
-
* - :math:`\mathrm{C_2 H_4}`
- `HITRAN-2020 `_
- `Gordon et al. `_
`(2022) `_
- Air
- **Added Species**
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/C2H4.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{C_2 H_6}`
- `HITRAN-2020 `_
- `Gordon et al. `_
`(2022) `_
- Air
- **Added Species**
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/C2H6.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{CH_3 CN}`
- `HITRAN-2020 `_
- `Gordon et al. `_
`(2022) `_
- Air
- **Added Species**
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/CH3CN.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{CH_3 OH}`
- `HITRAN-2020 `_
- `Gordon et al. `_
`(2022) `_
- Air
- **Added Species**
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/CH3OH.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{CH_3 Cl}`
- `HITRAN-2020 `_
- `Gordon et al. `_
`(2022) `_
- Air
- **Added Species**
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/CH3Cl.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{GeH_4}`
- `HITRAN-2020 `_
- `Gordon et al. `_
`(2022) `_
- Air
- **Added Species**
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/GeH4.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{CS_2}`
- `HITRAN-2020 `_
- `Gordon et al. `_
`(2022) `_
- Air
- **Added Species**
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/CS2.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{O_2}`
- `HITRAN-2020 `_
- `Gordon et al. `_
`(2022) `_
- Air
- New Line List
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/O2.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{O_3}`
- `HITRAN-2020 `_
Laboratory
- `Gordon et al. `_
`(2022) `_
`Serdyuchenko et al. `_
`(2014) `_
- Air
- New Line List
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/O3.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{\textbf{HITRAN}}`
:math:`\mathrm{\textbf{Lab xsec}}`
:math:`\mathrm{\textbf{(Room T)}}`
-
-
-
-
-
* - :math:`\mathrm{DMS}`
:math:`\mathrm{(C_2 H_6 S)}`
- `HITRAN-2020 `_
Laboratory
- `Gordon et al. `_
`(2022) `_
`Kochanov et al. `_
`(2019) `_
`Sharpe et al. `_
`(2004) `_
- Air
- **Added Species**
(v1.3.1)
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/C2H6S.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{DMDS}`
:math:`\mathrm{(C_2 H_6 S_2)}`
- `HITRAN-2020 `_
Laboratory
- `Gordon et al. `_
`(2022) `_
`Kochanov et al. `_
`(2019) `_
`Sharpe et al. `_
`(2004) `_
- Air
- **Added Species**
(v1.3.1)
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/C2H6S2.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{C H_3 S H}`
- `HITRAN-2020 `_
Laboratory
- `Gordon et al. `_
`(2022) `_
`Kochanov et al. `_
`(2019) `_
`Sharpe et al. `_
`(2004) `_
- Air
- **Added Species**
(v1.3.1)
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/CH3SH.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{C_3 H_4}`
- `HITRAN-2020 `_
Laboratory
- `Gordon et al. `_
`(2022) `_
`Kochanov et al. `_
`(2019) `_
`Sharpe et al. `_
`(2004) `_
- Air
- **Added Species**
(v1.3.1)
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/C3H4.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{\textbf{Atoms}}`
:math:`\mathrm{\textbf{and Ions}}`
-
-
-
-
-
* - :math:`\mathrm{Al}`
- `VALD3 `_
- `Ryabchikova et al. `_
`(2015) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- **Added Species**
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/Al.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{Ba}`
- `VALD3 `_
- `Ryabchikova et al. `_
`(2015) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- **Added Species**
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/Ba.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{Ba^{+}}`
- `VALD3 `_
- `Ryabchikova et al. `_
`(2015) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- **Added Species**
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/Ba+.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{Ca}`
- `VALD3 `_
- `Ryabchikova et al. `_
`(2015) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- Air Wave. to
Vacuum
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/Ca.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{Ca^{+}}`
- `VALD3 `_
- `Ryabchikova et al. `_
`(2015) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- Air Wave. to
Vacuum
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/Ca+.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{Cr}`
- `VALD3 `_
- `Ryabchikova et al. `_
`(2015) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- **Added Species**
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/Cr.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{Cs}`
- `VALD3 `_
- `Ryabchikova et al. `_
`(2015) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- Air Wave. to
Vacuum
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/Cs.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{Fe}`
- `VALD3 `_
- `Ryabchikova et al. `_
`(2015) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- Air Wave. to
Vacuum
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/Cs.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{Fe^{+}}`
- `VALD3 `_
- `Ryabchikova et al. `_
`(2015) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- Air Wave. to
Vacuum
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/Fe+.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{Li}`
- `VALD3 `_
- `Ryabchikova et al. `_
`(2015) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- Air Wave. to
Vacuum
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/Li.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{Mg}`
- `VALD3 `_
- `Ryabchikova et al. `_
`(2015) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- Air Wave. to
Vacuum
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/Mg.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{Mg^{+}}`
- `VALD3 `_
- `Ryabchikova et al. `_
`(2015) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- Air Wave. to
Vacuum
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/Mg+.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{Mn}`
- `VALD3 `_
- `Ryabchikova et al. `_
`(2015) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- Air Wave. to
Vacuum
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/Mn.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{Ni}`
- `VALD3 `_
- `Ryabchikova et al. `_
`(2015) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- **Added species**
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/Ni.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{O}`
- `VALD3 `_
- `Ryabchikova et al. `_
`(2015) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- **Added species**
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/O.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{Rb}`
- `VALD3 `_
- `Ryabchikova et al. `_
`(2015) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- Air Wave. to
Vacuum
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/Rb.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{Sc}`
- `VALD3 `_
- `Ryabchikova et al. `_
`(2015) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- **Added species**
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/Sc.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{Ti}`
- `VALD3 `_
- `Ryabchikova et al. `_
`(2015) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- Air Wave. to
Vacuum
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/Ti.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{Ti^{+}}`
- `VALD3 `_
- `Ryabchikova et al. `_
`(2015) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- Air Wave. to
Vacuum
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/Ti+.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{V}`
- `VALD3 `_
- `Ryabchikova et al. `_
`(2015) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- Air Wave. to
Vacuum
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/V.png
:width: 50
:align: center
* - :math:`\mathrm{V^{+}}`
- `VALD3 `_
- `Ryabchikova et al. `_
`(2015) `_
- :math:`\mathrm{H_2}` + :math:`\mathrm{He}`
- Air Wave. to
Vacuum
-
.. image:: ../_static/opacity_previews/gases/V+.png
:width: 50
:align: center
`*` For CO, POSEIDON defaults to a weighted average using terrestrial isotope ratios.
Users can also treat each CO isotopologue as separate species (e.g. `12C-16O`,
`13C-16O`, `12C-17O`, etc.) for modelling and retrieval purposes. All other
chemical species use cross sections for the principal isotopologue only.
:math:`\mathrm{H_2 + He}` broadening data are mostly sourced from ExoMol's
H2.broad and He.broad files and we include the J dependence (a0). Where these
data are not available, we use the estimated :math:`\mathrm{H_2 + He}` pressure
broadening parameters from `Chubb et al. (2022) `_.
The continuum opacity sources, including collision-induced absorption (CIA) and
Rayleigh scattering cross sections, are unchanged from POSEIDON v1.0.
A description of the original public release POSEIDON opacity database can be found in
`MacDonald & Lewis (2022) `_
(Appendix C).
Is your favourite molecule missing? Has a revolutionary new line list just been
released? Please address any request for new opacities to: Ryan.MacDonald@st-andrews.ac.uk.